Thyroid Gland May Be Affected by Electromagnetic Frequencies at 900 MHz May 1, 2007
Posted by healthyself in 900 mHz, Adolescents, Animal Research, Blogroll, Electromagetic pollution, Electromagnetic Communications, Electromagnetic Field, Electromagnetic Interference, Electromagnetic pollution, Electromagnetic Radiation, Electromagnetic Signals, Electromagnetic waves, Electrosensitivity, Electrosmog, ELF, EMF Exposure, EMF Research, EMF Shielding, EMF's, EMF-induced effects, Emissions, EMR, Exposure, Hormones, Medical Research, Research, Research Needed, Risk Factor, Risk of Disease, T3-T4, TSH, University.2 comments
-
“Effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic field on TSH and thyroid hormones in rats.”
“In this study, the effects of exposure to a 900 megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) on serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and triiodothronine-thyroxin (T3-T4) hormones levels of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied.”….”TSH values and T3-T4 at the 900 MHz EMF group were significantly lower than the sham-exposed group (p<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in serum TSH values and T3-T4 hormone concentrations between the control and the sham-exposed group (p>0.05). These results indicate that 900 MHz EMF emitted by cellular telephones decrease serum TSH and T3-T4 levels.”
PMID: 15917150 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=
PubMed&list_uids=15917150&dopt=Abstract
What is Bluetooth, and Is It Safe? September 27, 2006
Posted by healthyself in 2.402 GHz-2.480 GHz, 2450 MHz, 900 mHz, Bioeffects, Biological Effects, Blogroll, Body Temperature, Brainwave Interference, Cell phone safety, Cell Phones, Children's health, Cordless Phones, Decision Making, Definitions, ear ache, earphones, Electrical Pulses, Electrical Surges, Electromagnetic Communications, Electromagnetic Field, Electromagnetic Interference, Electromagnetic pollution, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Electromagnetic waves, Electrosensitivity, Electrosmog, EMF Research, EMF's, EMR, Environment, Exposure, Frequencies, GHz, grams of tissue, Health related, High Frequencies, HOuseholds, HRD, Hz, Lifestyle, Long Term Health Risks, Men's Health, Microwave exposure, Mobile Music, mobile telephones, Noise, Non-Thermal Levels, Pain Perception, Parenting, Penetration, Pulsed Radiation, Pulses, radiation, Radio Waves, Radios, Research Needed, Risk of Disease, Teenagers, Traffic Pollution, transmission, Who is Affected?, Women's Health.71 comments
Bluetooth is a method for datacommunication that uses short-range radiolinks to replace cables between computers and their connected units.
It is a matter of concern for some people that the carrier waves used by Bluetooth´s transmitters use the same frequency range as microwave owens (Bluetooth uses 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz). What does it feel like to get in the path of such waves?
Actually, the transmitting power is…too weak to be noticeable for humans….the radiation is not concentrated in a beam, but dispersed more or less in all directions. When using a wireless phone or a Bluetooth device, some of the emitted RF energy is absorbed by the body. The penetration depth is about 1.5 cm at 2450 MHz (about 2.5 cm at 900 MHz)…..The main absorption mechanism is fieldinduced rotation of polar molecules (for example H2O), which generates heat through molecular “friction”.
Heating by means of radio frequencies is possible over a broad frequency range. This is taken advantage of in microwave ovens at 2450 MHz using very high power levels (up to 1,000,000 times the power used by Bluetooth devices). However, 2450 MHz is not a resonance frequency of water. “There is, however, another side to this; some people are demonstrably over-sensitive to electromagnetic radiations. Long exposure to strong fields make some individuals so sensitive, after a few years, that they can no longer be near such fields without considerable discomfort. Bluetooth fits into a general development pattern where antennas for GSM-transmission and other sources of electromagnetic radiations become more and more prevalent in our cities. The future will show whether this is a healthy development.”
What Frequencies are Used in Cellular, Electronic, Radio and Wireless Communications and Power Lines? September 8, 2006
Posted by healthyself in .5 mG - 4 MG, .9 mG, 1 mG, 1.6 W/kg, 1.8 GHz, 10 kV/m, 10 Mbit/s, 10 mG, 10 Watts Per Kb in the Head, 100 Mbit/s, 100 mG, 1000 mG, 10000 gauss, 11 mG, 115 kV, 13.56 MHz, 15 mG, 17 mG, 1800-2000 MHz, 2 mG, 2 W/kg, 2.32.5 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 20 mG, 200 mG, 217 Hz, 230 kV, 250 kbit/s, 3 GHz, 3 kHz, 3.1-10.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 300 GHz, 33 mG, 4 mG, 4.4 mG, 40 Kbit/s, 40000 bit/s, 410 Kbit/s, 450 mG, 5 GHz, 500 HMz, 500 kV, 6.6 mG, 60 Hz Magnetic Fields, 7 mG, 800-1800 MHz, 824-849 MHz, 868 MHz, 9.6 kbit/s-16 Mbit/s, 900 mHz, 902-924 MHz, 908.42 MHz, 914 MHz, 935-960 MHz, 9600 bit/s, Cell phone safety, Frequencies.17 comments
FREQUENCIES AND OPERATING PROTOCOLS OF CELLULAR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
The early cellular networks used an analog transmission protocol (called frequency-division multiple access – FDMA), in which speech frequency modulates a continuous wave carrier. In the USA these cellular systems operate in the 824 – 894 MHz frequency range (824-849 MHz for the mobile/hand-helds and 869-894 MHz for the base stations), which was formerly allocated to UHF television channels 69-84.
At the beginning of the 1990s these systems were reaching the limits of their capacity in many service areas. This led to the introduction of new classes of cellular service using digital techniques, such as time-division multiple-access (TDMA), hybrid TDMA/FDMA, and more recently code-division multiple-access (CDMA). These digital systems operate in the same frequency band as the analog systems, but provide more voice channels per radio channel. In Europe, the most commonly used cellular system is called GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), which is a hybrid TDMA/FDMA system, and operates in the 935-960 frequency band.
Personal Communication Services (PCS) is a newer wireless technology that operates in the 1800-2000 MHz band, using both TDMA and CDMA technologies. Compared with analog cellular systems, PCS systems operate at lower power levels, with more closely spaced cells and lower power handsets.
In the USA, the Federal Communications Commission originally authorized up to two cellular service providers per service area. However, to promote competition, new frequency bands have been created, and new services are being introduced. These include specialized mobile radio (SMR) and enhanced specialized radio (ESMR), which operate at frequencies just below those used for cellular service. In addition, two PCS carriers are also licensed to operate in many regions of the United States.
http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/embs/comar/phone.htm
RF energy includes waves with frequencies ranging from about 3000 waves per second (3 kHz) to 300 billion waves per second (300 GHz). Microwaves are a subset of radio waves that have frequencies ranging from around 300 million waves per second (300 MHz) to three billion waves per second (3 GHz).
http://www.fda.gov/cellphones/qa.html#1
Current mobile phone systems operate at frequencies between 800 and 1800 MHz. It is important not to confuse such RF fields with ionizing radiation, such as X-rays or gamma rays. Unlike ionizing radiation, RF fields cannot cause ionization or radioactivity in the body. Because of this, RF fields are called non-ionizing.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs193/en/
802.11b and 802.11g standards use the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band, operating (in the USA) under Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Regulations. Because of this choice of frequency band, 802.11b and 802.11g equipment can incur interference from microwave ovens, cordless telephones, Bluetooth devices, and other appliances using this same band. The 802.11a standard uses the 5 GHz band, and is therefore not affected by products operating on the 2.4 GHz band.
Which part of the radio frequency spectrum may be used varies between countries, with the strictest limitations in the USA. While it is true that in the USA 802.11a and g devices may be legally operated without a license, it is not true that 802.11a and g operate in an unlicensed portion of the radio frequency spectrum. Unlicensed (legal) operation of 802.11 a & g is covered under Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Regulations. Frequencies used by channels one (1) through six (6) (802.11b) fall within the range of the 2.4 gigahertz amateur radio band. Licensed amateur radio operators may operate 802.11b devices under Part 97 of the FCC Rules and Regulations that apply.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a technology for transmitting information spread over a large bandwidth that should, in theory and under the right circumstances, be able to share spectrum with other users. A February 14, 2002 Report and Order by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) [1] authorizes the unlicensed use of UWB in 3.1â10.6 GHz.
Ultra Wideband was traditionally accepted as impulse radio, but the FCC and ITU-R now define UWB in terms of a transmission from an antenna for which the emitted signal bandwidth exceeds the lesser of 500 MHz or 20% bandwidth.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-wideband
Cypress’s “WirelessUSB⢔ is a protocol that uses the 2.4 GHz ISM band with a range from 10 meters (at max 1 Mbit/s) to 50 meters (at max 62.5 kbit/s) and is designed for Human Interface Devices (HIDs), with current offerings from companies such as Belkin, Logitech, and Virtual Ink.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_USB
HomeRF used FHSS (frequency hopping spread spectrum) in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and could achieve a maximum of 10 Mbit/s throughput; its nodes can travel within a 50 meter range of an access point while remaining connected to the PAN (personal area network).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HomeRF
(VFIR) infrared transceivers available such as the TFDU8108 operating from 9.6 kbit/s to 16 Mbit/s. The UFIR (Ultra Fast Infrared) protocol is also in development. It will support speeds up to 100 Mbit/s.
Radio specifications
Bandwidth: 9,600 bit/s or 40,000 bit/s, fully interoperable
Range: Approximately 100 feet (or 30 meters) assuming “open air” conditions, with reduced range indoors depending on building materials, etc.
Frequency band: The Z-Wave Radio uses the 900 MHz ISM frequency bands. 908.42 MHz in the US 868.42 MHz in Europe.
[edit]
Radio specifics
In Europe, the 868 MHz band has a 1% duty cycle limitation, meaning that a Z-wave unit can only transmit 1% of the time. This limitation is not present in the US 908 MHz band, but US legislation imposes a 1 mW transmission power limit (as opposed to 25 mW in Europe). Z-wave units can be in power-save mode and only be active 0.1% of the time, thus reducing power consumption dramatically.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-Wave
INSTEON-Frequency 902 to 924 MHz
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSTEON
LibertyLink’s transceivers provide 410 kbit/s data rates using time-division-duplexing of a Gaussian Minimum Shift Keyed (GMSK) modulated magnetic field at 13.56 MHz.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LibertyLink
Columbia Rural Electric Association subsidiary offers 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi service across a 3,700 mi² (9,500 km²) region within Walla Walla and Columbia counties in Washington and Umatilla County, Oregon.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi
ZigBee devices are required to conform to the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) standard. The standard specifies its lower protocol layersâthe physical layer (PHY), and the medium access control (MAC) portion of the data link layer (DLL). This standard specifies operation in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz, 915 MHz and 868 MHz ISM bands. In the 2.4 GHz band there are 16 ZigBee channels, with each channel requiring 3 MHz of bandwidth. The center frequency for each channel can be calculated as, FC = (2400 + 5*k) MHz, where k = 1, 2, …, 16.
The radios use direct-sequence spread spectrum coding, which is managed by the digital stream into the modulator. BPSK is used in the 868 and 915 MHz bands, and orthogonal QPSK that transmits two bits per symbol is used in the 2.4 GHz band. The raw, over-the-air data rate is 250 kbit/s per channel in the 2.4 GHz band, 40 kbit/s per channel in the 915 MHz band, and 20 kbit/s in the 868 MHz band. Transmission range is between 10 and 75 metres (33~246 feet), although it is heavily dependent on the particular environment. The maximum output power of the radios is generally 0 dBm (1 mW).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee
The 802.16 specification applies across a wide swath of RF spectrum. However, specification is not the same as permission to use! There is no uniform global licensed spectrum for WiMAX. In the US, the biggest segment available is around 2.5 GHz, and is already assigned, primarily to Sprint Nextel, along with Clearwire in more rural areas. Elsewhere in the world, the most likely bands used will be around 3.5 GHz, 2.3/2.5 GHz, or 5 GHz, with 2.3/2.5 GHz probably being most important in Asia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX
“At cellular telephone frequency bands of 900MHz and 1.8GHz, the current U.K. NRPB investigation levels raised the U.K. permitted levels to 10 Watts per Kg in the head. The 1991 USA ANSI/IEEE C95.1 guidelines set the SAR at 1.6 W/Kg, and the CENELEC pre-standard states 2 W/Kg for the public. GSM Cellular-phones can deliver well over 2 W/Kg into head tissue during their output pulses, but they are said to comply because the average power is only about one-eighth of the pulse power (GSM & PCN digital phones), as up to eight calls share one channel using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) with each handset pulsing in one of eight time slots. Unlike the earlier analogue phones, the digital GSM ones emit a series of short pulses at a basic repetition rate of 217Hz.”
http://www.emfpollution.com/articles/cell-phones/cell-phone-radiation-exposure
"A typical U.S. home has the Earth's constant magnetic field of about 450 mG and a 60-Hz background magnetic
field level (primarily not from power lines) that ranges from 0.5 mG to 4 mG with an average value of 0.9 mG.
Five percent of the homes have fields above 2.9 mG, and 1% are above 6.6 mG. For comparison sake,
one study reports that electrical powerline workers experience an average field of 11 mG.Â
Typical transmission power lines produce average fields at distances of 30 and 60 meters as follows: E (V/m at 30/60 m)              B (mG at 30/60 m) 115 kV                                   0.07/0.01                               1.7/0.4 230 kV                                   0.3/0.05                                 7.1/1.8 500 kV                                   1.0/0.3                                          12.6/3.2 "As a simple example, a two wire 500 MW transmission line at 500 kV draws 500 amperes in opposing directions in the two wires. From Ampere's law a single wire of 500 A produces a field of 33 mG at a distance of 30 m. If two opposing currents of 500 A are separated by 4 meters, the field will be 4.4 mG (in the plane of the wires). By reducing the separation to 1 m, the field falls to 1.1 mG. At a doubled distance of 60 m, the field from the single conductor is 17 mG and the fields from the paired conductors are 1.1 mG for a 4-meter separation and 0.3 mG for 1-meter separation. Motor and appliance electrical coils produce either magnetic dipole or quadrupole fields that diminish as the inverse square or cube of the distance, respectively.Â
Average fields at a distance of 30 cm are: color television (7 mG), microwave (4 mG),
analog clocks (15 mG), electric razors (20 mG, 100 mG at 15 cm) and hair driers (1 mG, 300 mG at 15 cm)."
http://www.calpoly.edu/%7Edhafemei/background2.html
Questions to peruse….
If every one of these frequencies affect the human body in a different way, some may be positive and some negative. It may affect different people in different ways depending on their frequency. If we are made of energy, what affect are these frequencies having on people individually and collectively?
Why Would WHO Do This If There Weren’t a Recognized Problem? (Even if they won’t admit it yet) September 5, 2006
Posted by healthyself in .000021 W/Kg, .0004 W/Kg, .001 W/Kg, .0021 W/KG, .005 W/Kg, .0317 W/Kg, .05 W/Kg, .13 W/Kg, .14 W/Kg, .2 mHz, .26 W/Kg, .4 W/Kg, .58 W.Kg, .6 W/Kg, .75 W/Kg, 1.2 W/Kg, 1.6 W/kg, 100 kHz-94GHz, 10000 Hz, 10mW, 12000 volts, 138 kv, 14 mG, 16 Hz, 17.6 Hz, 2 W/kg, 2.4 GHz, 2.4 mW/Kg, 20 Hz, 200 gauss, 20000 Hz, 200000 Hz, 35 mG, 3W/Kg, 4 mG, 45, 45 Hz, 5 GHz, 5 Hz, 50 Hz, 500 Volts, 60 Hz Magnetic Fields, 85, 8W/kg, 900 mHz, Animal Research, Cell phone safety, Children's health, Chromosomal damage, Communication, Community, Death, Decision Making, Digital, Electromagnetic pollution, Electromagnetic waves, Electrosensitivity, Electrosmog, ELF, Emergency Medicine, EMF Research, EMF's, Employees, EMR, Environment, Epidemiologists, Funding, Games and Gaming, genes, GHz, Government's role, grams of tissue, Grants, Hand Portables, Health related, High Frequencies, HOuseholds, Hz, Immune system, Legal Issues, Long Term Health Risks, Low Frequencies, Medical Research, Men's Health, MHz, Microwave exposure, Military, miscarriages, mobile telephones, Noise, Parenting, Public Policy, Pulsed Radiation, radiation, Reaction Time, Research, Risk Factor, Risk of Disease, Safe Levels, Safety, SAR, School administrators, Teenagers, Tweenies, University, W/Kg, watts, Who is Affected?, Women's Health, Workplace.4 comments
Electromagnetic fields 
“Electromagnetic fields of all frequencies represent one of the most common and fastest growing environmental influences, about which anxiety and speculation are spreading. All populations are now exposed to varying degrees of EMF, and the levels will continue to increase as technology advances.”
“As part of its Charter to protect public health and in response to public concern, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the International EMF Project in 1996 to assess the scientific evidence of possible health effects of EMF in the frequency range from 0 to 300 GHz.”
“The EMF Project is open to broad participation.”
“The EMF Project is open to any WHO Member State government, i.e. department of health, or representatives of other national institutions concerned with radiation protection. The project is fully funded by participating countries and agencies.”
Low Frequency Electric Fields August 25, 2006
Posted by healthyself in 50 Hz, 60 Hz Magnetic Fields, 900 mHz, Auric Field, Biofield, Biological Activity, Biological Effects, Blogroll, Cell phone industry, Cell phone safety, Children's health, Electromagnetic pollution, Electromagnetic waves, Electrosensitivity, Electrosmog, ELF, EMF Research, EMF's, Employees, EMR, Endogenous Fields, Environment, Government's role, Health related, heat, HOuseholds, Inflammation, Legal Issues, Long Term Health Risks, MCS, Men's Health, MHz, Microwave exposure, mobile telephones, Noise, Public Policy, Pulsed Radiation, Quantum Physics, radiation, Research, Risk of Disease, Safe Levels, Toxin, Transfer, transmission, VDT, Vibration, Waves, Who is Affected?, Women's Health, Workplace.1 comment so far
“Low-frequency electric fields influence the human body just as they influence any other material made up of charged particles. When electric fields act on conductive materials, they influence the distribution of electric charges at their surface. They cause current to flow through the body to the ground.
Low-frequency magnetic fields induce circulating currents within the human body. The strength of these currents depends on the intensity of the outside magnetic field. If sufficiently large, these currents could cause stimulation of nerves and muscles or affect other biological processes.
Both electric and magnetic fields induce voltages and currents in the body but even directly beneath a high voltage transmission line, the induced currents are very small compared to thresholds for producing shock and other electrical effects.
 |
Heating is the main biological effect of the electromagnetic fields of radiofrequency fields. In microwave ovens this fact is employed to warm up food.”
What are Electromagnetic Waves? August 25, 2006
Posted by healthyself in 12000 volts, 16 Hz, 17.6 Hz, 200 gauss, 50 Hz, 500 Volts, 5000 volts, 60 Hz Magnetic Fields, 8W/kg, 900 mHz, Beneficial frequencies, Beta Rhythm, Biofield, Blogroll, Cell phone industry, Cell phone safety, Cell phone towers, Coherence, Communication, Definitions, Electromagnetic pollution, Electromagnetic waves, Electrosensitivity, Electrosmog, ELF, EMF Research, EMR, Environment, GHz, Harmonics, High Frequencies, high voltage transmission lines, Microwave exposure, mobile telephones, Noise, Pulsed Radiation, Quantum Physics, radiation, Research, Safe Levels, Safety, SAR, Transfer, transmission, VDT, Vibration, Waves.add a comment
Electromagnetic radiation is generally described as a self-propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation, and are in phase with each other. Electromagnetic radiation is classified into types according to the frequency of the wave: these types include, in order of increasing frequency, radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. In some technical contexts the entire range is referred to as just ‘light’. [1]
EM radiation carries energy and momentum, which may be imparted when it interacts with matter.
Electromagnetic waves of much lower frequency than visible light were first predicted by Maxwell’s equations and subsequently discovered by Heinrich Hertz. Maxwell derived a wave form of the electric and magnetic equations, revealing the wavelike nature of electric and magnetic fields and their symmetry.
According to these equations, a time-varying electric field generates a magnetic field and vice versa. Therefore, as an oscillating electric field generates an oscillating magnetic field, the magnetic field in turn generates an oscillating electric field, and so on. These oscillating fields together form an electromagnetic wave.
Light-wave.pngâ (20KB, MIME type: image/png)
What is the relationship between Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Physics? August 24, 2006
Posted by healthyself in 12000 volts, 16 Hz, 17.6 Hz, 200 gauss, 50 Hz, 500 Volts, 5000 volts, 60 Hz Magnetic Fields, 8W/kg, 900 mHz, Auric Field, Beneficial frequencies, Beta Rhythm, Biofield, Biological Activity, Biological Effects, Blood, Cell changes, Cell phone safety, Cells, Circulation, Coherence, Communication, Definitions, EEG, Electromagnetic pollution, Electromagnetic waves, Electrosensitivity, Electrosmog, ELF, EMF Research, EMF's, EMR, Endogenous Fields, Environment, GHz, Harmonics, Healing, heat, Heavy Metals, High Frequencies, high voltage transmission lines, Light, Long Term Health Risks, Medical Research, MHz, Microwave exposure, Mitigation, mobile telephones, nerves, Noise, Pacemakers, Pulsed Radiation, Quantum Physics, radiation, Research, Risk of Disease, SAR, Stress, transmission, VDT, Vibration, Waves.8 comments
“Electromagnetic Radiation and Light Wave Energetics”
“All matter is immersed in it and it penetrates everywhere. No doors are closed to ether.”
– Albert Einstein, The Evolution of Physics 1
“The characteristic propagation of energetic electromagnetic radiation (EMR), including light wave propagation in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, is somewhat more complex than simply moving an object from point A to point B:
1. A ray of polychromatic white (colorless) light propagates (radiates) as a diverse mixture of periodic monochromatic waves in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, electromagnetic radiation necessarily involves the energetic generation of transverse electric and magnetic fields which are perpendicular (90 degrees, orthogonal) to each other and perpendicular (90 degrees, orthogonal) to the rectilinear (straight line) direction of propagation from point A to point B within the fundamental, irreducible, nonmaterial energy domain.
2. The energetic, transverse (orthogonal) electromagnetic fields self-generate through mutual induction after leaving the original source. Thus the transverse (orthogonal) electromagnetic fields energetically sustain any uninterrupted propagation of electromagnetic radiation such as a ray of white (colorless) light, or an emitted photon of higher or lower frequency outside the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Comparing the complexity of light wave and photon propagation with the classic example of water waves created on the calm surface of a lake or pond when a small stone is lobbed into it, the transverse (orthogonal) electric and magnetic fields of light wave (photon) propagation are analogous to the waves or ripples generated horizontally on the surface of the water, and the direction of light wave (photon) propagation is analogous to the stone sinking straight to the bottom.
Nonetheless, the hydrodynamic/electromagnetic imagery suffers a serious breakdown at this point.
Water waves are generated and propagated only transversely (90 degrees, orthogonal) away from a source in the horizontal plane. In marked contrast, the energetic electric and magnetic fields are not only generated perpendicular (90 degrees, orthogonal) to the direction of propagation, they are also simultaneously generated in the direction of propagation. Therefore â given sufficient time â energetic, self-sustaining propagation and constant uniform motion enables any unhindered electromagnetic wave or photon of visible light to cross an unlimited expanse of the material universe at the speed of light.”
A essay and work in progress by A.T. Williams
http://www.cox-internet.com/hermital/book/holoprt3-2.htm
Please comment.Â
Electromagnetic Frequencies 
