What is Non-Ionizing Radiation? April 6, 2007
Posted by healthyself in 0 Hz-3kHz, 000 Hz, 1 GHz- 300 GHz, 1 mm, 100 nm - 400 nm, 3 kHz-300 GHz, 300 GHz, 400 nm - 700 nm, 700 nm, Amplified Signals, Amplitude, Analog, Antennas, Atmospheric Pressure, Blogroll, Bytes, Cable, Cell Masts, Cell Phones, Coherence, Computer Rooms, Cordless Phones, DECT, Distribution, Earth, EEG, EHF, Electrical Components, Electrical Pulses, Electrical Surges, Electrical Wiring, electromagnetic, Electromagnetic Communications, Electromagnetic Field, Electromagnetic Interference, Electromagnetic pollution, Electromagnetic Radiation, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Electromagnetic waves, Electrosensitivity, Electrosmog, ELF, EMF Research, EMF's, EMR, Entropy, Environment, Exposure, Fiber Optic, Frequencies, Hand Portables, Handheld Units, HF, High Frequencies, high voltage transmission lines, Internet, ionizing radiation, Landline, Laptops, LF, Lifestyle, Light, light beam, Long Term Health Risks, Low Frequencies, Magnetic, MCS, MF, MHz, Microwave exposure, Mobile Music, mobile telephones, Non-Thermal Levels, Penetration, Photons, Photosensitive, Pulsed Radiation, Pulses, Pure Tone, QV, Radar, Radians, radiation, Radio Frequency Radiation, Radio Waves, radioprotector, Radios, Research Needed, Resonance, Resonant Frequency, ringing, ringtones, Risk of Disease, Safe Levels, Safety, SAR, Schuman Resonance, SHF, Speakerphones, Spectrum, Telecommunications, Telephony, Transducer, Transfer, transmission, UHF, Ultraviolet, VDT, Visible Light, VLF, W/Kg, W/m2, watts, Wave Front, Waves, Who is Affected?, WiFi, Wired, Wired Phone, Wireless, Wireless Phones, X-Rays.add a comment
Definitions
The properties and effects of non-ionising radiations are very diverse. For the purpose of this Policy non-ionising radiations include:
Extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation
Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies in the range 0 Hz (static fields) to 3 kHz, including the 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields associated with the domestic mains electricity supply such as in domestic electrical appliances, electricity supply substations and overhead power lines.
Radiofrequency (RF) radiation
Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies in the range 3 kHz to 300 GHz, which is produced by artificial sources such as visual display units and mobile phones.
Microwave (MW) radiation
Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies in the range 1 GHz to 300 GHz, which is produced by artificial sources such as in microwave ovens and by microwave communication devices. (This radiation is now considered part of Radiofrequency radiation.)
Infrared (IR) radiation
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 700 nm and 1 mm, which is present in sunlight and produced by artificial sources such as electric radiator heaters.
Visible light
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 400 nm (blue) and 700 nm (red), which is present in sunlight and produced by numerous artificial sources, including lasers.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 100 nm and 400 nm, which is present in sunlight as well as produced by artificial sources such as arc welding and sterilization lamps.
What are Electric and Magnetic Fields? April 6, 2007
Posted by healthyself in Blogroll, Definitions, Earth, Electrical Components, Electrical Pulses, Electrical Surges, Electrical Wiring, electromagnetic, Electromagnetic Field, Electromagnetic Radiation, Electromagnetic waves, EMF's, EMR, Environment, Frequencies, High Frequencies, high voltage transmission lines, Hz, LF, Light, light beam, Low Frequencies, Magnetic, MCS, MF, MHz, Microwave exposure, Pulsed Radiation, Pulses, Radar, Radians, radiation, Radio Frequency Radiation, Radio Waves, Resonant Frequency, Safe Levels, Transducer, transmission, UHF, VDT, VLF, W/Kg, W/m2, watts, Wave Front, Waves.add a comment
Electric fields |
Magnetic fields |
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High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields April 5, 2007
Posted by healthyself in Amplified Signals, Amplitude, Antennas, Blogroll, Cable, Cell Masts, Cell phone industry, Cell phone safety, Cell Phones, Computer Rooms, Cordless Phones, Definitions, Digital, Distribution, Electrical Components, Electrical Pulses, Electrical Wiring, Electromagnetic Communications, Electromagnetic Field, Electromagnetic Interference, Electromagnetic pollution, Electromagnetic Radiation, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Electromagnetic waves, Electrosensitivity, Electrosmog, ELF, Emergency Medicine, EMF Research, EMF's, EMR, Energy, Environment, Epidemiology, Exposure, Frequencies, GHz, Government's role, HF, High Frequencies, high voltage transmission lines, Homes, HOuseholds, HRD, Human Resources, Hz, Infrared, Interdisciplinary, Landline, Laptops, Legal Issues, Lifestyle, Low Frequencies, MCS, MF, MHz, Microwave exposure, Mitigation, mobile telephones, Oscillate, Pulsed Radiation, Pulses, Radar, radiation, Radio Frequency Radiation, Radio Waves, Radios, Research Needed, Resonant Frequency, Risk of Disease, Sound, Speakerphones, Telecommunications, Telephony, Transducer, Transfer, transmission, UHF, VDT, VLF, W/Kg, W/m2, watts, Wave Front, Waves, Who is Affected?, WiFi, Wired, Wired Phone, Wireless, Wireless Phones, Workplace, X-Rays.add a comment
“Mobile telephones, television and radio transmitters and radar produce RF fields. These fields are used to transmit information over long distances and form the basis of telecommunications as well as radio and television broadcasting all over the world. Microwaves are RF fields at high frequencies in the GHz range. In microwaves ovens, we use them to quickly heat food.””At radio frequencies, electric and magnetic fields are closely interrelated and we typically measure their levels as power densities in watts per square metre (W/m2).”
“Key points:
- The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses both natural and human-made sources of electromagnetic fields.
- Frequency and wavelength characterise an electromagnetic field. In an electromagnetic wave, these two characteristics are directly related to each other: the higher the frequency the shorter the wavelength.
- Ionizing radiation such as X-ray and gamma-rays consists of photons which carry sufficient energy to break molecular bonds. Photons of electromagnetic waves at power and radio frequencies have much lower energy that do not have this ability.
- Electric fields exist whenever charge is present and are measured in volts per metre (V/m). Magnetic fields arise from current flow. Their flux densities are measured in microtesla (µT) or millitesla (mT).
- At radio and microwave frequencies, electric and magnetic fields are considered together as the two components of an electromagnetic wave. Power density, measured in watts per square metre (W/m2), describes the intensity of these fields.
- Low frequency and high frequency electromagnetic waves affect the human body in different ways.
- Electrical power supplies and appliances are the most common sources of low frequency electric and magnetic fields in our living environment. Everyday sources of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields are telecommunications, broadcasting antennas and microwave ovens.”
What are the Wavelengths of the Electromagnetic Spectrum? September 27, 2006
Posted by healthyself in Blogroll, Cell phone safety, Definitions, Distribution, Electromagnetic Communications, Electromagnetic Field, Electromagnetic Interference, Electromagnetic pollution, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Electromagnetic waves, Electrosensitivity, Electrosmog, ELF, EMR, Endogenous Fields, Environment, Frequencies, Gamma Rays, Infrared, Light, Microwave exposure, mobile telephones, Noise, particle, Radio Waves, Radios, Sound, Spectrum, Telecommunications, Telephony, transmission, UHF, Ultraviolet, VDT, Visible Light, X-Rays.1 comment so far
“The electromagnetic spectrum is the distribution of electromagnetic radiation according to energy (or equivalently, by virtue of the relations in the previous section, according to frequency or wavelength).”
Regions of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
“The following table gives approximate wavelengths, frequencies, and energies for selected regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.”
Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation |
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The notation “eV” stands for electron-volts, a common unit of energy measure in atomic physics. A graphical representation of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown in the figure below.
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The electromagnetic spectrum |
“Thus we see that visible light and gamma rays and microwaves are really the same things. They are all electromagnetic radiation; they just differ in their wavelengths.”
The Spectrum of Visible Light
The visible part of the spectrum may be further subdivided according to color, with red at the long wavelength end and violet at the short wavelength end, as illustrated (schematically) in the following figure.
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The visible spectrum |
What is a Sampling Frequency? September 19, 2006
Posted by healthyself in 11025 Hz, 192000 Hz, 22050 Hz, 28224 Mhz, 32000 Hz, 44100 Hz, 47250 Hz, 48000 Hz, 50000 Hz, 50400 Hz, 8000 Hz, 96000 Hz, Blogroll, Cell phone safety, Cell Phones, Communication, Cordless Phones, Definitions, Digital, Electromagnetic Field, Electromagnetic pollution, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Electromagnetic waves, Electrosensitivity, Electrosmog, ELF, EMF Research, EMF's, EMR, Environment, Exposure, Frequencies, Hand Portables, High Frequencies, HOuseholds, Hz, Long Term Health Risks, Low Frequencies, mobile telephones, Public Policy, Pulsed Radiation, Radar, radiation, Radios, Research Needed, Resonant Frequency, Safe Levels, transmission, UHF, VDT, WiFi.6 comments
“The sampling rate, sample rate, or sampling frequency defines the number of samples per second (or per other unit) taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal. For time-domain signals, it can be measured in hertz (Hz). The inverse of the sampling frequency is the sampling period or sampling interval, which is the time between samples.”
“In digital audio, common sampling rates are:
- 8,000 Hz – telephone, adequate for human speech
- 11,025 Hz
- 22,050 Hz – radio
- 32,000 Hz – miniDV digital video camcorder, DAT (LP mode)
- 44,100 Hz – audio CD, also most commonly used with MPEG-1 audio (VCD, SVCD, MP3)
- 47,250 Hz – world’s first commercial PCM sound recorder by Nippon Columbia (Denon)
- 48,000 Hz – digital sound used for miniDV, digital TV, DVD, DAT, films and professional audio
- 50,000 Hz – first commercial digital audio recorders from the late 70’s from 3M and Soundstream
- 50,400 Hz – sampling rate used by the Mitsubishi X-80 digital audio recorder
- 96,000 or 192,000 Hz – DVD-Audio, some LPCM DVD tracks, BD-ROM (Blu-ray Disc) audio tracks, and HD-DVD (High-Definition DVD) audio tracks
- 2.8224 MHz – SACD, 1-bit sigma-delta modulation process known as Direct Stream Digital, co-developed by Sony and Philips”
What is a Frequency Band? September 12, 2006
Posted by healthyself in 3- 30 kHz, 3-30 GHz, 3-30 mHz, 30-300 GHz, 30-300 kHz, 30-300 mHz, 300-3000 kHz, 300-3000 mHz, Blogroll, Cell phone safety, Definitions, EHF, ELF, EMF's, Environment, Frequencies, HF, LF, MF, radiation, SHF, UHF, VLF.2 comments
Bands of Frequencies | ||
Band | Frequency | |
VLF | Very Low Frequency | 3-30 kHz |
LF | Low Frequency | 30-300 kHz |
MF | Medium Frequency | 300-3000kHz |
HF | High Frequency | 3-30 MHz |
VHF | Very High Frequency | 30-300 MHz |
UHF | Ultra High Frequency | 300-3000 MHz |
SHF | Super High Frequency | 3-30 GHz |
EHF | Extremely High Frequency | 30-300 GHz |