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“Fish hear—or feel—sound in two ways. Some have small bones connecting the inner ear to the swim bladder, creating in effect a single large ear. Fish have no outer ears, and therefore no need for the middle ear bones that connect the eardrum to the inner ear. But they do possess an inner ear similar to those of other vertebrates.”
“But fish also detect vibrations in the water with a unique lateral line system similar in many ways to our inner ears. Where organ of hearing in our inner ears forms a coil, that of fish lies stretched out along its side. The lateral line tube stretches the length of a fish, and sometimes branches around its head. The tube connects to the water by way of small pores in the skin and scales. Mucus fills the tube, just as in our cochlea. When a pressure wave strikes the fish, it jiggles the mucus and bends small hairs that project into the mucus in bunches. The hairs trigger nerve impulses, which travel to the brain. While fish cannot determine the location of a sound detected through the single swim bladder, they can locate sounds detected by way of the lateral line.”
Birds: “In a series of experiments with European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) using warbles and rattles in place of words, the birds learned to recognize a recursive-type grammar from a simpler grammar. Chomskian linguists have theorized that the ability to process recursive grammar forms the computational core of a uniquely human language facility. The research also contrasts with previous experiments showing that tamarin monkeys could not recognize recursive grammar.”
“X-ray movies of singing cardinals reveal that songbirds adjust their song’s tonal qualities by actively changing the shape of their upper vocal tract in a cyclical manner.”
“Even very large speakers can’t duplicate the power of elephant infrasonic calls, which have been measured at near-thunder levels about five yards from the elephant. The speakers used in field experiments, although huge by home stereo standards, can only produce volumes half that. Extrapolating from playback experiments, Langbauer estimates elephants can hear infrasonic calls at least 2.5 miles away.”
http://acp.eugraph.com
Bats: can hear frequencies between 3,000 and 120,000 Hz.
Cat has hearing range between 100 and 60,000 Hz.
Dog can hear sound as high as 40,000 Hz.
Grasshopper can hear up to 50,000 Hz.
Mice: Can hear frequencies between 1,000 and 100,000 Hz.
Moth Noctuid: Moth has a hearing range between 1,000 and 240,000 Hz.
Pigeon: can detect sounds as low as 0.1 Hz.
Rat: has hearing range between 1,000 and 90,000 Hz.
Elephant: has hearing range between 1 and 20,000 Hz. The very low frequency sounds are in the “infrasound” range. Humans cannot hear sounds in the infrasound range.
Dolphin: can hear frequencies up to at least 100,000 Hz.
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/amaze.html
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